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MCQ 6 answer

Following are Synthetic reactions in biotransformation except Glucuronidation Acetylation Methylation Reductionanswer:  reductionThe classification of biotransformation is given by R.T.WILLIAMS As PHASE I and PHASE II reaction PHASE I Reactions: Non-synthetic reaction – metabolite may be active or inactive Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis Cyclization Decyclization hydroxylation (aromatic and aliphatic) PHASE II Reactions: Synthetic/Conjugation reaction – metabolite is  mostly inactive Glucuronidation Acetylation Methylation Sulphate Glycine glutathione  For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 5 answer

Which of the following is not a prodrug A.Proguanil B.Levodopa C.Prednisolone D.cyclophosphamideanswer: C.Prednisoloneprednisolone is an active drug and  Prednisone  is a prodrug Levodopa — DopamineProguanil — Cycloguanil Prednisone — Prednisolone Cyclophosphamide -  phosphoramide mustardFor more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 4 ANSWER

A drug has very low volume of distribution (Vd). Which of the following is the best explanation? A. The agent is eliminated by the kidneys, and the patient has renal insufficiency B. The agent is extensively bound to plasma proteins C. The agent is extensively sequestered in tissue D. The agent is eliminated by zero-order kinetics ANSWER: b The agent is extensively bound to plasma proteinsKDT  7e/p 17 Factors affecting volume of distribution (Vd): Plasma protein binding High Plasma protein binding decreases Vd Low Plasma protein binding increases Vd Tissue Perfusion decreased  tissue perfusion implies decreased Vd Water Soluble drugs have low Vd and Lipid soluble drugs have high Vd Acidic drugs have low Vd In edematous condition, water soluble drugs have high volume of distribution Tissue binding. High Vd with higher tissue binding Low molecular weight drugs have high Vd  For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 3 answer

Aspirin has pka of 3.5, that means  A. It is ionised at gastric pH  B. It is unionised at intestinal basic pH  C. It is ionised inside the cell D. It is expelled out in acidic urine  answer is C I am very happy  with the explanation given by the student Dibyajit Chakravarty. so i am posting that explanation and encourage to answer the MCQ more logically For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 3

Aspirin has pka of 3.5, that meansA. It is ionised at gastric pHB. It is unionised at intestinal basic pHC. It is ionised inside the cellD. It is expelled out in acidic urine  For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 2 answer

Hepatic First pass metabolism will be encountered by which of the following routes of drug administration? (AIIMS MAY 2018) a. Sublingual b. Intravenous c. Oral d. Subcutaneous Answer:  C         oral route has to encounter hepatic first pass  metabolism For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

MCQ 1 ANSWER

Choose the incorrect statement regarding drug absorption First pass metabolism reduces bioavailability highly ionized molecule are absorbed from stomach heparin not absorbed due to its large size most common method of drug absorption is by passive diffusion ANS: B highly ionized molecule are absorbed from stomach ref: KDT 7E/P 15 High yield concepts about absorption First pass metabolism is inversely proportional to bioavailability , so reduces bioavailability highly ionized molecule are not at all absorbed from stomach or intestine or from any place  heparin not absorbed due to its large size and it is highly ionized most common method of drug absorption is by passive diffusion For more MCQs and concepts  become pro member by clicking below https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

plan of MCQs for future discussions

dear  studentsThose who have finished exams, please relax and those who are preparing for next PG exams lets start MCQs in a systematic manner starting with general pharmacologyall the discussions you will find in this section starting from General pharmacologyANS PharmacologyautocoidsCVS and renal PharmacologyCNSGITRS HORMONES bloodAntimicrobials CANCER CHEMOTHERAPYNEWER DRUGS Important information Case based questionImage based question those who want entire thing at one place may become promember by clicking link https://drpharmacologist.testpress.in/products/pro-members/

Imipenem

imipenem : is a carbepenem activity against gram +ve, gram -ve and anerobes imipenem is degraded by renal tubular dipeptidase and duration of action is short cilastin inhibits renal tubular dipeptidase and increases imipenem duration of action cilastin has no antimicrobial property Imipenem + cilastin combination is synergistic seizures are seen with high doses seizures are seen more  with impenem compared to other carbepenems 

levofloxaCIN

levofloxacin levoisomer of ofloxacinoral bioavailability is approximately 100% Excreted unchangedused in CAP, TB( in MDR TB) , Skin and soft tissue infections

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